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STEPS framework

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​Selecting an anti-bullying approach is an important decision.

The decision-making process is multifaceted, and it will require some time to gather all the necessary information.

The guide to STEPS organises the relevant information under 9 key concepts. It provides you with a transparent process for your selection.

STEPS framework

The STEPS decision-making framework is composed of 3 layers of questions that schools need to answer in order to choose an anti-bullying approach for their school.

  • Layer 1: Does it work? What is the evidence?
    Through examining Definition, Theory, Evidence and Practice.
  • Layer 2: Will it work to achieve our school's goals?
    Through examining Suitability, Feasibility and Perspective.
  • Layer 3: How will we know it has worked?
    Through examining Sustainability and Real results.

In combination, these 3 layers with the 9 key concepts make up the STEPS framework.

STEPS decision-making framework  

Download the STEPS framework.

The 9 concepts each present a key question to assist schools to examine an anti-bullying approach.

Each concept is explored through extensive background information and an explanation of key concepts, and concludes with further prompt questions for schools.

Layer 1:
Does it work? What is the evidence?

ConceptKey question
DefinitionIs the approach based on a contemporary understanding of bullying that is consistent with the school's definition?
TheoryIs the approach based on a sound theory that draws on the existing knowledge from previous research in bullying?
EvidenceDoes the approach have evidence from well-designed research which shows measurable change in behaviour?
PracticeHave other schools used this approach and achieved positive outcomes?

Layer 2:
Will it work to achieve our school's goals?

ConceptKey question
SuitabilityDoes the approach address the target students and needs that the school has identified?
FeasibilityIs the approach feasible and practical in the school context?
PerspectiveIs the philosophical perspective underpinning the approach compatible with the school's approach to behaviour, learning and student wellbeing?

Layer 3:
How will we know it has worked?

ConceptKey question
SustainabilityCan the school implement and sustain the approach as required for it to be effective?
Real resultsDoes the approach indicate how outcomes will be measured and timeframes within which to expect to see real results?

Each concept is explored through extensive background information and an explanation of key concepts, and concludes with further prompt questions for schools.


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Last updated 19 June 2023